There are registry values which will disable SSL3 (or other SSL/TLS versions). See this thread on XDA-Developers for the change to make (in the HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings
registry key, create/set the SecureProtocols
value to DWORD 2688
or 0xA80 if your editor app wants hex).
In order to do this, you will need a working registry editor app. There is one available for Lumias (though you'll need an SD card in order to install it) here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/windows-phone-8/development/xap-vcreg-lumia-reg-editor-live-interop-t3135326
I like to use this kind of thing as an example of why Microsoft's policy of locking users out of the ability to control their own devices is a bad and harmful policy. I had my phone protected against POODLE within a few days of its publication. Meanwhile, those who won't or cant interop-unlock their phones are stuck with the vulnerability until Microsoft releases a patch (apparently 8.1u2 makes you safe, but most phones never got that one).